This course examines environmental and climate policy with a strong focus on the policy process, emphasizing how environmental decisions are shaped by institutions, actors, power relations, and historical contexts. Drawing on critical perspectives such as degrowth, decolonial and postcolonial theory, climate justice, and political ecology, the course moves beyond technocratic views of policy to interrogate how problems are framed, whose knowledge informs decision-making, and how policies are negotiated, implemented, and contested across scales. Students will analyse the full policy cycle — from agenda-setting and policy design to implementation, monitoring, and revision — through case studies on climate mitigation and adaptation, energy transitions, land and resource governance, and biodiversity conservation, with particular attention to Global South and Indian contexts. Emphasizing equity, participation, and structural transformation, the course equips students with the analytical tools to critically assess existing environmental governance arrangements and to engage meaningfully in the design of just and transformative environmental and climate policies.