Building on the foundational course, this advanced course focuses on applying geospatial methods to real-world climate and sustainability problems. Students learn to translate climate mitigation and adaptation questions into spatially explicit research designs, select appropriate indicators, and choose suitable spatial analytical approaches. The course covers spatial risk and vulnerability assessment, index construction, spatial comparison, spatio-temporal change analysis, and remote sensing – based land use/​land cover classification with accuracy assessment, change detection and interpretation. Students also perform multi-criteria spatial analysis and site suitability assessment for climate planning contexts, while critically examining uncertainty and methodological choices. Through guided, problem-based group projects using GIS and remote sensing tools, students develop applied analytical skills relevant to climate research, planning, and sustainability decision-making.