How are science and technology connected to the contemporary world? What are historical and sociological conversations that have shaped the general aspects of science and technology in theory and practice, both in India and in the West? We will explore how and in what historical conditions modern science emerged, and made specific claims to knowledge production. This will include a look at the relationship between colonialism and modern science and technology, and the way social inequalities influence science and technology practices. We will look at the institutional and social history of science and technology in India and implications on the questions of development and sustainability.