In India, 69% of the population lives in rural areas and 55% of the total workforce is engaged in agriculture with women accounting for 37% of the workforce. The state of decelerating productivity puts agriculture-driven growth, food security and poverty reduction increasingly at risk. Factors like natural resource degradation, climate change, regional disparities and social inequity have contributed to this. Agriculture is potentially the most prominent sector where the tension between development and environment is more apparent. Several farming practices/​approaches like conservation agriculture, organic farming, agroecology, climate smart farming have gained significance in the past few decades. These practices/​approaches have their advantages and inherent trade-offs which are not clearly understood. Consequently, these practices have growing implications for the systematic operationalisation of the concept of ​‘sustainable agriculture’ in practice, which has livelihood implications for the farmers. Various government policies, programs and social sector interventions advocate different practices presuming different objectives which are often implicit. The course aims to help students understand to the diverse agricultural production systems/​practices and critically analyse these systems from a sustainability framework. It also deals with the social, economic, and institutional factors influencing adoption of sustainable agricultural production systems. The course will contribute to extending the domain knowledge of students interested in working in the space of sustainable agriculture and livelihoods.